1. Material & Construction:

1. Paperboard: Typically made from high-quality virgin or recycled paperboard, often sourced from sustainably managed forests (e.g., FSC® or PEFC certified). This ensures responsible forestry practices.
2. Lining/Coating: This is crucial for leak-proofing and insulation. German manufacturers increasingly offer eco-friendly options:
3. PLA (Polylactic Acid): A plant-based bioplastic derived from renewable resources like corn starch. PLA-lined cups are typically compostable in industrial composting facilities (certified to EN 13432). Some innovative options are even home-compostable (e.g., CEE Schisler's Earth Cup®).
4. Aqueous/Water-Based Dispersion Coating: A newer technology that uses water-based coatings instead of traditional plastic (PE) liners. These cups are often designed to be recyclable in conventional paper recycling streams, making them a highly sought-after sustainable choice.
5. PE (Polyethylene): While still used, it's less common for "eco-friendly" focused German production due to its non-compostable and harder-to-recycle nature. However, advancements in recycling technology are addressing PE-lined cups as well.
6. Wall Type:
7. Single Wall: Standard, often more economical cups, suitable for shorter-term use or with a sleeve for hot beverages.
8. Double Wall/Insulated: Features an extra layer of paperboard, providing superior insulation for hot drinks without needing a separate sleeve. This keeps beverages hotter for longer and protects hands.
9. Ripple Wall: Similar to double wall, but with a corrugated outer layer for enhanced insulation and grip.